What is Fibroids:

Fibroids, also known as uterine fibroids, are abnormal growths that develop in or on the uterus. These non-cancerous tumors can often go unnoticed for extended periods. Dr. Poonam Patole, a medical professional specializing in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, notes that while not all fibroids exhibit symptoms, those that do may result in heavy menstrual bleeding, frequent urination, and pain during sexual intercourse. Treatment for fibroids varies, with small fibroids often requiring no intervention, while larger ones may necessitate medication or surgery.

Understanding Uterine Fibroids:

Uterine fibroids are characterized by abnormal growths of muscle and tissues within or on the uterine wall. They can manifest as a single nodule or cluster, with cluster fibroids ranging from 1 millimeter to over 20 centimeters in diameter. Despite being non-cancerous, some patients may experience significant symptoms due to these growths.

Types of Uterine Fibroids:

The classification of uterine fibroids is based on their location and attachment. The common types include:

1. Intramural Fibroids: These develop on the muscular wall of the uterus.
2. Submucosal Fibroids: These grow beneath the inner lining of the uterus.
3. Subserosal Fibroids: These occur beneath the outer surface lining of the uterus.
4. Pedunculated Fibroids: These growths resemble mushrooms attached to the uterus.

Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids:

While many fibroids remain asymptomatic and require no treatment, larger ones can lead to various symptoms, including:

1. Excessive menstrual bleeding.
2. Bleeding between menstrual periods.
3. Abdominal fullness or bloating.
4. Increased frequency of urination.
5. Pain during sexual intercourse.
6. Constipation.
7. Persistent vaginal discharge.
8. Lower back pain.
9. Abdominal distention.

Causes of Uterine Fibroids:

Although the precise cause of uterine fibroids remains unknown, experts, including the best gynecologists in Wakad Pune, suggest that hormones such as estrogen and progesterone play a crucial role. Fibroids tend to develop when these hormone levels are elevated. Additionally, certain risk factors increase the likelihood of fibroid development:

1. Obesity and a high body mass index (BMI).
2. Family history of fibroids.
3. Early onset of menstruation.
4. Late onset of menopause.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids:

The approach to treating uterine fibroids is determined by factors such as size, number, location, and the presence of symptoms. If there are no noticeable symptoms, treatment may not be necessary, particularly for small fibroids. However, larger fibroids may necessitate one of the following treatments:

1. Over-the-counter medications.
2. Iron supplements.
3. Birth control pills.
4. Oral therapies.
5. Fibroid surgery (myomectomy).

Myomectomy, or fibroid surgery, involves the removal of fibroids and can be performed through different techniques:

1. Hysteroscopy: A thin, flexible tube (scope) is inserted through the vagina to reach the uterus, allowing the removal of fibroids.

2. Laparoscopy: A laparoscope, equipped with a camera and small surgical instruments, is inserted through a minor abdominal incision to remove fibroids.

3. Laparotomy: A larger incision is made on the abdomen to remove fibroids in one comprehensive procedure.

The choice of fibroid treatment is individualized based on the patient’s medical condition. While some may not require immediate intervention, others may need prompt medical attention, especially if experiencing sudden pain, discomfort, or heavy menstrual bleeding. For immediate medical care, individuals are encouraged to consult with Dr. Ponam Patole at Mamta Hospitals.